Recessions Definitions Causality and Treatments essays

Downturns Definitions Causality and Treatments papers One of the most well-known financial terms, recognizable even to the most customary purchasers of business data is that of a downturn.' Be that as it may, the meaning of a downturn is more dubious than might at first be normal. A downturn isn't just a time of monetary withdrawal, instead of a time of monetary extension. As per the Wall Street Journal feature of November 27, 2001, entitled It's a Kid! It's a Girl! No, It's a Recession! At the point when Will It Officially End' a downturn is commonly characterized as two back to back quarters of negative development in genuine GDP or Gross Domestic Product. Be that as it may, the National Bureau of Economic Research or NBER characterizes a downturn as a boundless decrease in monetary action enduring more than a not many months. The NBER doesn't just glance at the GDP. It additionally takes a gander at proportions of modern creation, business, genuine (swelling balanced) livelihoods less government advantages, and genuine discount and retail deals. Of course, these components influence GDP over the long haul, yet these elements will in general be increasingly all encompassing when seen in their totality and furthermore have suggestions past that of a couple, limited months. This empowers the NBER to give an all the more away from of the U.S. monetary future, instead of just As per a similar article in the Wall Street Journal, the NBER said on November 23 of 2001 it was additionally fulfilled that the aggregate constriction in the economy was adequate to justify the assurance that a downturn is in progress. The NBER has seldom been off-base in characterizing an expanded downturn in the United States economy, maybe in light of the fact that it looks at more far reaching financial elements than essentially GDP. What is abnormal about the current financial downturn, in any case, is that modern creation since its pinnacle the previous fall has been 6 percent, while mechanical creation was just 4.6 percent on normal over the course o... <!

Invasion of Normandy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attack of Normandy - Essay Example 1 The Normandy Invasion is viewed as the world’s most prominent military activity, since it prepared for the freedom of France, and the section of the Allied powers into Europe. The paper endeavors to examine the explanations behind this attack, concerning the possibility that the choice end up being a commendable decision, since it drove the Germans to give up about 11 months, after the intrusion. 2 One ought to comprehend that Normandy was picked, due to its key area. The choice was not unavoidable. It required cautious arranging. Since the Hundred Years War in Europe, Normandy had not seen any attack. Consequently, there was no chance the Germans could have anticipated an assault from this territory, since there were no ports in the region. 3 The region for the intrusion was picked was among Cherbourg and Le Havre, and it was nearest to the embarkation ports in England. It had interstates, which prompted Paris. The coast likewise offered the best arrival places, and a close by port, which the Allies needed to seize. Indeed, Normandy likewise end up being sufficiently close to guarantee that warrior plans could be dispatched for airborne shelling, alongside a waterfront assault. 4 In that specific summer of 1944, six armed forces and a large number of men battled and the spot was changed into a slaughter, until Hitler’s powers set out their resistance. In the long run, the way to Paris was cleared, and the Allied catch of France was finished. 5 While everybody realized that the Allies were to assault soon, with the goal that they could approach France, the inquiry was the specific area of the assault. In this way, the component of shock was likewise one reason, why Normandy was picked. The Nazis were normal an assault close to Calais, since the spot had an entrance to a profound water port.6 Hence, the arrangement was so that the soldiers of every nation in the Allied powers would catch hold of the sea shores first, in particular five sea shores in Normandy and afterward move inland. Since the sea shores had no harbors, they were to be arranged falsely, and amassed at Arromanches in the British part, and the other off Omaha Beach. In addition, the Allies had kept up the astonishment to such an enormous degree, that not many Germans anticipated an attack from Normandy, and the terrible climate conditions had even put this thought out of the psyches of those, who recently thought this was conceivable. 7 The elective spot, as referenced above was the Calais, which offered a profound port, however this was intensely involved by German officers. In any case, the Allied Forces had gained from their mix-ups very well, since they had been vanquished at Dieppe two years sooner, which was a vigorously protected port. 8 obviously, the upside of the Normandy Invasion, rather than the intrusion of Calais is advanced by Liddell Hart, a military antiquarian, who expresses that the motivation behind system is â€Å"to decrease the chance of obstruction. The point of procedure must be to achieve this fight under the most worthwhile conditions. What's more, the most beneficial the conditions, the less, proportionately, will be the fighting†. 9 Nevertheless, a tricky battle additionally guaranteed that the Germans kept on keeping up armed force powers at Calais. Another option included Brittany, which was excused rapidly in light of the fact that, while it had magnificent ports, it would have been simple for Germany to seal the Allied armed force on the Brittany promontory. 10However, the unpleasant regions of the sea shores at Normandy could go about as an obstruction, too, since the zone had precipices on the edges of the water.

Angels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Holy messengers - Essay Example For sure the holy messengers have been major directing powers through the ages and they have stayed a natural piece of my life from the youth. I do concur with the creator that blessed messengers do exist and impact our choice in issues and occasions in our day by day life. While they may not come as pixies and splendid lights or even individuals with coronas, the voice of our still, small voice at basic hour, could be understood as the voice of the heavenly attendants who need us to take the correct way and right choice. The unpretentious manners by which individuals are cautioned of critical outcomes enormously strengthen the nearness of some super force in our life and calling them by holy messengers would not be wrong, particularly when our strict folklore has called them as emissaries of God. My confidence in the holy messengers has not mellowed with growing up in light of the fact that I despite everything accept that heavenly attendants have come to me at whatever point I have been in troublesome circumstances, as companions, relative or considerably more unusual who have approached and guided me to wellbeing and rig ht way. In my colleague, I don’t have individuals who have unscrupulous thoughts regarding blessed messengers however, some of them may not put stock in the presence of watchman holy messengers. I do accept that blessed messengers are somebody who need us to battle against the abhorrent powers that may come in various structures, shapes and means. That is the explanation that the new age holy messengers have appeared as Harry Potter, Sabrina, the witch and so on. The media is overflow with the stories of saints that have battled the passing snares and vanquished the dangerous powers that have come to hurt the individuals and undermined the presence of this world. The youngsters are enormously pulled in to such serials and show since some place profound inside them, they accept that great individuals will overwhelm the insidious powers. These shows are fruitful fundamentally in light of the fact that they affirm the convictions of the youngsters. The sacred texts of different religions have one basic conviction and that will be that there is some super force which takes care

Immigrants and Health Care Essay - 2622 Words

Throughout the last three decades, increasing numbers of Asians have migrated to Canada from all over the Asian continent. Currently, 44% of the Vancouver area population is of Asian descent (Statistics Canada, 2001). Immigrants commonly occupy skilled job positions that the host nation is unable to fill with its own citizens, and thus they offer many advantages to their receiving country. In a nation with a declining birthrate, such as Canada, their contribution can play a major role on multiple levels. The immigrants themselves often enjoy a greater earning potential than they did in their native country, which can be advantageous for those who wish to send money back home to support their families. An interesting phenomenon – the†¦show more content†¦First, they must pass a health-screening process beforehand. In Canada, health screening was implemented to ensure that no immigrant becomes a burden on health or social services or â€Å"is a danger to public health or safety† (Government of Canada, 2002:np). Canada has no list of diseases that will automatically disqualify would-be immigrants, but infectious conditions such as HIV-AIDS can decrease their chances of acceptance (Zencovich, Kennedy, MacPherson, Gushulak 2006). Screening does not guarantee that the host country will receive immigrants that are healthier than its own citizens, but it does ensure that people with serious health problems are not allowed to immigrate; consequently, the cohort of immigrants coming to North America tends to be healthy. The second aspect of the HIE is that the sick and the poor tend not to attempt immigration, a process of self-exclusion that, by default, selects for the healthiest and wealthiest. Both health and wealth contribute significantly to the ability to move to another country: individuals of the greatest wealth and health have the greatest ability to migrate (Kennedy et al., 2006). The amount of money required to facilitate a move from Asia can be quite substantial. For example, shipping charges and plane tickets can cost thousands of dollars, a sum that a poorer individual would simply be unableShow MoreRelatedCambodian Immigrants And Health Care1107 Words   |  5 PagesCambodian Immigrants and Health care in the United States Over the last decade more immigrants have traveled to the United States from Asia than any other nationality (Asian and Pacific Islander American Health Forum [APIAHF], 2015). Understanding the specific needs of this population is important to prevent health disparities. Currently Asians are the only racial group who’s leading cause of death is cancer (Tseng et al., 2010). Asian Americans are also more likely to suffer from hepatitis BRead MoreDenying Health Care to Immigrants2065 Words   |  8 PagesUndocumented immigrants in the United States are denied and limited to health care access due to their legal status. However, recent arrived immigrants are healthier than the general U.S. population. According to the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (1979-1989), â€Å"Singh and Siahpush (2001) found that all-cause mortality was significantly lower among immigrants than among the U.S. born (18% lower for men and 13% lower for women), after adjusting for age, race/ethnici ty, marital status, urban/ruralRead MoreIllegal Immigrants and Health Care1936 Words   |  8 PagesDanson Ndungu Illegal Immigration and Health Care Phil 165 December 7th 2010 Christopher Columbus landed on the shores of America back 500 years ago in the year 1492. Were he and his crew the first illegal immigrants in America? The land was occupied by another group of people that didn’t grant these explorers the right to have whatever they please without acquiring some kind of legal status. The topic of legal status might have been irrelevant back in those days but it surely is an issue that isRead MoreHealth Care Services and Illegal Immigrants753 Words   |  3 Pagesan example of what illegal immigrants with renal failure endure. On average, patients receiving dialysis are given a life expectancy of three to five years unless an organ transplant is received (**). Providing health care is a public good, a human right to receive care, not just a right to the insured or based ones citizenship status. The ethical dilemma that is presented leads to the following question: Should an immigrant requiring regular dialysis be denied care due to their un documented statusRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Health Care Access6465 Words   |  26 Pages INTRODUCTION Over the past few years, many issues have surfaced regarding illegal immigrants and health care access. Imagine your heart beating and blood rushing as quickly as possible through your veins. Then, someone knocks at the door, â€Å"rapido, escondete† (quickly hide); the silence takes over the house; the fear of what would happen next is quickly pounding hard through your head. That’s the fear that some people have to live in. It’s the fear of getting deported at any time or getting separatedRead MoreIllegal Immigrants, Health Care, And Social Responsibility1430 Words   |  6 Pages Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility Immigration has been and is one big problem that is widespread these days. Immigration means to move from one country to another for the purpose of one better life, better job, better health etc. The other problem that comes with immigration is the illegal immigration that in these days is growing up so fast. Illegal immigration is a problem that affects all the developed countries like America. An illegal immigrant is defined as aRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should Receive Health Care Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  America needs comprehensive health care reform, and immigrants should be a part of the movement.  Ã‚  But many American citizens might ask that pertinent question: why should they cover the expense for illegal immigrants to access health care?  Ã‚  The answer is plain and simple: until congress passes immigration laws that work, people are going to migrant here illegally.  Ã‚  And to deny migrants access to affordable health care, Americans are not only denying them their human right, they areRead MoreShould Illegal Immigrants Have Access to Health Care?2988 Words   |  12 PagesEach year millions of illegal and undocumented immigrants enter the United States, most from Latin American countries, such as Mexico. Mexico is the largest single source of undocumented aliens in the U.S. and it is estimated that Mexican nationals may amount to 50% of the United States total. Immigrants flee their countries for a variety of reasons, such as, political repression, economic hardship, war, and poverty. Since there has been a spike in immigration, there have been policies implementedRead MoreThe Rights Of The United States1356 Words   |  6 Pageslegally admitted immigrants to benefit from any of the public programs stated above. Human rights were not considered when this bill was enacted, as Clinton’s administration neglected to consider the lawful permanent residents and their families who benefitted from these health care programs. Prior to this bill, lawful permanent residents were eligible for public benefits on more or less the same terms as citizens (Fix, 2002). After 1996, human rights revoked to legal immigrants and essentiallyRead MoreA Key Goal Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pages A key goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to decrease the number of uninsured individuals, many of whom are in low-income families and are minorities (Kaiser Family Foundation 2016). Under the ACA, immigrants who are i n the U.S. legally are eligible for coverage through the health insurance marketplace but undocumented immigrants are not (HealthCare.gov) even when using their own money to purchase. There are estimates of 11.1 million undocumented immigrants in the country as of 2014 (Krogstad

Why I Live at the P.O. - 1157 Words

Why I live at the P.O. was written by Eudora Welty in 1941. Sister, the first person narrator, who is a flat character in the story, causes external conflicts within her family as a result of her inner-conflicts. Such as lack of self-confidence and a demanding need to be the center of attention. Due to the conflicts she deals with inside herself, she is driven to move out of her family’s home and into the post office. In the beginning of the story the reader has sympathy for Sister due to the conflicts that are going on, but later on in the story we start to see that these conflicts were perpetuated by Sister herself. As this occurs the story takes on a comedic aspect from the view of the reader, and we lose our sympathy for Sister.†¦show more content†¦It’s clear that Sister is greatly taken aback by the arrival of her sister and also harbors some ill will toward the situation when she states, â€Å"Now if it had been me that trotted in from Illinois and brou ght a peculiar-looking child or two, I shudder to think of the reception I’d of got, much less controlled the diet of an entire family.†(597). It’s at this point that Sister shows herself as being a bias narrator who is clouded by her jealousy and need for attention; this makes it necessary for the reader to have to fill in the blanks of what is really happening. It’s also interesting to note here the sibling rivalry that is going on between Sister and Stella-Rondo, Sister obviously keeps close track of what Stella-Rondo has gotten away with over the years and clearly she doesn’t want her to get away with such things again. Sister is already starting to lose the battle of attention from her family, but more so that she has now lost the spotlight and nobody is paying attention to her. Instead, they’re focusing their direction and attention on Stella-Rondo and her child which infuriates Sister and drives her to make the statement â€Å"†¦ Whoever Shirley-T. was, she was the spit-image of Papa-Daddy if he’d cut off his beard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (594). The attempt being made by Sister to get into the family’s good graces by using Stella-Rondo’s untimely return as a spark to get her family’s attention, was thwarted when Stella-Rondo came back andShow MoreRelatedWhy I Live At The P.o.777 Words   |  3 PagesChina Grove In Eudora Welty s story, ?Why do I Live At The P.O., the main character directs the focus of the reader through her own point of view. The story is set in a small Mississippi town, sometime after World War II. The time and the place have a significant effect upon the language used. This helps to create an overall mood that is dominated by Southern prejudices, interpersonal ignorance and simplicity; for example, Sister says ?Nigger girl? (1031) words that now demonstrate racism but atRead MoreWhy I Live at the P.O1143 Words   |  5 PagesRashawn Venters Eng 101 Mrs. Davis Why I live at the P.O The character in this story, Sister, seems to be in a way jealous and a little selfish, but with good reason, she has a sister, Stella-rondo, who has always been everyones favorite and everyone would believe everything she said, from her saying that Sister was one-sided to her,( Stella-Rondos ) adopted child. Sister has every reason to not like Stella-Rondo. EveryoneRead MoreSisters Jealousy in Why I Live at the P.O.902 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterializes because one of them feels overshadowed by the other. For girls, this results in a lack of confidence. If a girl loses to her sister, younger or older, insecurity builds underneath often causing hostility between them. In Eudora Welty’s â€Å"Why I Live at the P.O.,† Sister’s resentfulness towards her sister hinders her ability to become independent. Stella-Rondo brings out jealousy in Sister that causes tension between them. Sister hates that Stella-Rondo married Mr. Whitaker since Sister supposedlyRead MoreEssay on The Dysfunctional Family in Why I Live at the P.O.1329 Words   |  6 Pages Everyone wants a perfect family, but nothing is ever perfect. The family in â€Å"Why I Live at the P.O.† is most definitely less than perfect. When Stella-Rondo returns to her old home after leaving her husband and bringing her small child who she claims is adopted, much conflict in the family increases. Stella-Rondo turns every family member living in the household against Sister, her older sister, and every family member betrays Sister by believing the lies Stella-Rondo tells about Sister to themRead MoreEudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O. Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages Favoritism The story I chose to analyze is â€Å"Why I Live at the P.O.† by Eudora Welty. The author, Eudora Wetly, is originally from Mississippi from a prosperous family, she was born in 1909 and passed away in 2001.During her early days she worked at small places involved with writing until she launched her literary career. ‘Why I Live at the P.O’ is about sibling rivalry and favoritism among family. My thesis states that this story shows a good example of favoritism among families and good insightRead MoreIndependence in Updike’s AP and Welty’s Why I Live at the P.O.945 Words   |  4 Pages Why do many strive to become independent or just do something bigger in life? With Updike’s â€Å"AP† and Welty’s â€Å"Why I Live at the P.O.†, we get a first person look into two similar but different people’s lives and struggles. In â€Å"Why I Live at the P.O.† sister is the main character and the narrator. The same is for â€Å"AP† but Sammy is the main character and narrator. Sammy and Sister throughout the stories battle with their want of being independent. Sister is jealous of her younger sister Stella-Rondo’sRead MoreEssay about Family as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O.898 Words   |  4 PagesFamily as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The outspoken narrator of Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O., known to us only as Sister, intends to convince us--the world at large--that her family has turned against her, led on by her sister, itella-Rondo. To escape her family, she explains, she has left home and now lives at the P.O., where she is postmistress. As she delivers her monologue, the narrator reveals more about herself than she intends. We see herRead MoreA New Edition Of A Textbook Should Not Be Weighed Down By Subpar Literature904 Words   |  4 Pagesbe removed starts with the two stories of A Good Man is Hard to Find and Why I Live at the P.O. The first, a twisted tale of a family’s vacation. The second, being a boring tale of a family’s favoritism of one child over another. The expectation of this paper is to convince the editor as to why A Good Man is Hard to Find should be kept, rather than, Why I Live at the P.O. A Good Man is Hard to Find and Why I Live at the P.O. both have a storyline that follows two families. The families share a similarRead MoreWhy I Live At The Post Office Short Story Summary1098 Words   |  5 PagesSister Sister was the narrator from â€Å"Why I live at the P.O. Sister is the protagonist in the story, because the main action was about her. She is the central character because the story is told by her and from her prospective. She can also be described as a round character because we know quite a bit about this character. Her personality is described in depth and in detail in this narrative. Sister is still young and she is still living with her family in a town called China Grove, MississippiRead MoreEudora Welty Essays1088 Words   |  5 Pageswho memorably assert their unique identity.† (May) Whether Welty purposely crafted the females in her stories to go against the stereotypes or not, the women in her stories show society a new idea of females. In one of Weltys short stories Why I Live at the P.O., a girl says, â€Å"And if Stella-Rondo should come to me this minute, on bended knees, and attempt to explain the incidents of her life with Mr. Whitaker, Id simply put my fingers in both my ears and refuse to listen.† (Welty 10) Today, this

Runaway Juveniles Are Not A Serious Problem - 821 Words

National surveys suggested that 6%–7% of adolescents run away from home in the United States (Sanchez, Waller, Greene, 2006; Tyler Bersani, 2008). Most runaways rarely stay away from home for long periods and stay within 50 miles of home (Hammer, Finkelhor, Sedlak, 2002). Although runaway juveniles are not a serious problem (Kim, 2006) and eventually return to parents or guardian (Milburn et al., 2007), they are victimized and exposed in deteriorate circumstances while away. There were many problems for runaway juveniles, in spite of returning after a short period of time, such as increasing their likelihood of engaging in high-risk behavior, being exploited or victimized by others, and resorting to illicit activities (Chen, Thrane, Whitbeck, Johnson, Hoyt, 2007; Kipke, Simon, Montgomey, Unger, Iversen, 1997; Wagner, Carlin, Cauce, Tenner, 2001). However, few researchers explained the reason of why adolescents run away from home (Andres-Lemay, Jamieson, MacMillan, 2005; National Runaway Switchboard, 2008; Safyer, Thompson, Maccio, Zittel-Palamara, Forehand, 2004; Van der Ploeg Scholte, 1997; Welsh, 1995). They claimed that the most common reason is negative family environment. Safyer et al. (2004) found that 41% of the adolescents attributed their runaway behavior to a poor relationship dynamic with their parents. Poor parenting practices and physical abuse increase the likelihood that a child will run away (Matchinda, 1999; P. Kurtz, G. Kurtz, Jarvis,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Juvenile Runaways in the United States1144 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Runaways in the United States Running away from home is one of the commonest juvenile offenses in America today. Children run to escape, to hide, to start a new life, to change their routine, or to follow a dream. There are 1.3 million juveniles that live on the street each day according to the National Runaway Switchboard (NRS). The statistics regarding the rates of juveniles in this country that runaway are surprising. Unfortunately with all of the children out on the streetRead MoreJuvenile Court Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe first juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899. In the late 18th century children as young as seven could stand trial in criminal court and could be sentenced to prison or death. The perception of children was later changed and they were viewed as persons with undeveloped moral and cognitive capacities. This allowed the state of Illinois to intervene in the lives of children providing protection and care or supervision. The mission to help children in trouble was clea rly stated in theRead MoreEssay about Alone Without a Home: Homeless and Runaway Youth 1624 Words   |  7 PagesWithout a Home: Homeless Runaway Youths Across the country, there are children who leave home to avoid the dangers of home only to face the dangers of living on the streets. For some the urge to leave is short lived and they return home. For others it can be a lifetime of struggle as the situation they once thought was a good solution suddenly becomes a never ending nightmare as they fight to survive and face the harsh reality that they have no place to turn to. Homeless runaway youth are on the riseRead MoreGender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses1650 Words   |  7 Pages Gender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses University of Utah Rachel Brough Juvenile status offenses are minor offenses that only apply to those under the age of 18 such as skipping school or running away from home. Other examples include curfew violations, possession and consumption of alcohol, and possession and use of tobacco. Theories such as the labeling theory and Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory attempt to explain why females commit juvenile status offenses. Additional theoriesRead MoreA Historical Look At The Concept Of Juvenile Justice1394 Words   |  6 Pages1. Chapter 13 is a historical look at the concept of juvenile justice. What did you learn from reading this chapter? At the beginning of the nineteenth century delinquent, neglected, and runaway children in the United States were left with very little guidance and help from the government and the court system. Unlike today there was no voice for those kids who were neglected and left to find there own ways of survival which most likely ment that they would have to turn to crime to survive. If thatRead MoreFemale Juveniles Are The Most Vulnerable927 Words   |  4 PagesFemale juveniles are known to be the most vulnerable. If they are growing up in poverty or suffering from abuse, their delinquent behavior are often leads to self-destruction. Female juveniles will most likely grow up to join street gangs, drop out of school, or become teenage mothers. Girls are the fastest growing segment of the juvenile justice system with minority females disproportionately represented among delinquent girls; two-thirds are girls of color. The majority have been subjected to someRead MoreHomeless in America1684 W ords   |  7 Pagesare born on the streets of vast cities of United States. Less attention are shown to those who are homeless, people focus more on bigger issues when this is a major problem that has occurred for years. Statistics shows that 1.6 million youth run away from home each year between the ages of 12 and 17. The predominant race for runaways is White non-Hispanic (57%), Black non-Hispanic (17%), Hispanic (15%), and Other (11%) follow (Blaha). Homeless children most likely leave their original homes becauseRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Treatment : Description And Fundamental Principles1452 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency Treatment: Description and Fundamental Principles When treating juvenile delinquency the goal is to punish or rehabilitate the problem children after they have offended and been caught. To punish is to induce pain or payment for misconduct, while rehabilitation revolves around productive work pertaining to a program of education, along with counseling of some nature (Musick, 1995, pg. 233). It is typically assumed that adolescents deserve and require distinct management becauseRead MoreThe High Rate Of Illicit Drug Use Among Youth2282 Words   |  10 Pagessteadily increasing† (Juvenile Justice, 1997). This has become a trend that needs to be put to a stop. There are too many youth that are involved in criminal activity and that are labeled actual juvenile delinquents in the criminal justice system. Researchers can’t help to believe that alcohol and substance abuse has something to do with the emerging problem. â€Å"Drug and alcohol use also increases the likelihood that a youthful offender will have prolonged inter action with the juvenile justice system† (ReclaimingRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesPreventing Juvenile Delinquency The saying is that history often repeats itself. If this is true then society will have to deal with the complex burden of juvenile who eventually become adult criminals. However, if this saying is not true then the community in which juvenile delinquency exist must have the tool necessary to divert the youth in the community. If one is to change delinquent youth’s behavior, they need to variegate the justice system in order to prevent juvenile delinquent recidivisms

Employment Law Compliance Plan free essay sample

There are seven forms of business: sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company (including the single member LLC), S Corporation, Franchise, and Corporation. 1. Research and provide three advantages and three disadvantages for each business form. 2. Provide a 100- to 200-word summary in which you provide an example business that you would start for each form. What is legally necessary to file in order to form that business? Discuss at least one of the advantages and one of the disadvantages of that form. Sole Proprietorship Advantages 1. A sole proprietor has complete control and decision-making power over the business. 2. Sale or transfer can take place at the discretion of the sole proprietor. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment Law Compliance Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. No corporate tax payments Disadvantages 1. Held personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business. 2. Risk extends to any liabilities incurred as a result of acts committed by employees of the company. 3. Decisions making fall on the shoulders of the sole proprietor. Summary A sole proprietorship has to submit a file all applicable forms under the fictitious name or under doing business as (DBA). An example business can be an Ice-cream stand is one of the easiest business form that an individual may run a business. When operating a business under sole proprietorship, do not mean it is a legal entity it stipulates the owner of the business and who is responsible for the debt that occur for the business. The sole proprietorship can be operated under the name of the owner or a fictitious name , which will be the trade name, but do not constitute a legal entity that have nothing to do concerning the sole proprietor owner. Partnership Advantages 1. Business is easy to establish and start-up costs are lower. 2. You’ll have greater borrowing capacity 3. There is limited external regulation Disadvantages 1. The liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited 2. Each partner is an agent of the partnership and is liable for actions by other partners 3. If partners join or leave, you will probably have to value all the partnership assets and this can be costly. Summary A partnership can be developed with an ice-cream stand business that can have two members or several members because there is not a law or limit how many individuals that start a business together. There are different types of partnership But, legally all partnerships cannot be started in any and all locations or territories because sometimes it depends on what type of business the individuals are in . One of the advantages of partnership is the results of greater borrowing capacity . A disadvantage is the liability of the partners for the debts of the business is unlimited. Limited Liability Partnership Advantages 1. A partnership can sign contracts and borrow money in its own right, which eases some of the liability burden a sole proprietorship would bear. 2. working relationship between the partners 3. If one partner has skills and talents the other doesnt, a partnership can truly be a match made in heaven. Disadvantages 1. As a partner, you can also be held responsible for any wrongful act or omission by other partners acting in the ordinary course of the firms business . 2. However, in a general partnership, one partner can be held responsible for all debts and obligations incurred in the name of the business by another partner 3. many people dont think of until it happens is that partnerships can be the messiest, most acrimonious form of business ownership to dissolve Summary Bookkeeping and accounting is a business that has limited liability partnership. The limited liability partnership is overlooked by a provincial legislation in some places and some individuals may start a limited liability partnership. One the advantages will depend on the working relationship that the partners have, not what the legal aspects of the company is. Limited Liability Company, (including the single member LLC) Advantages 1. Less Recordkeeping 2. Members are protected from personal liability for business 3. Sharing of Profits Disadvantages 1. In the eyes of the federal government, an LLC is not a separate tax entity, 2. Limited Life. In many states, when a member leaves an LLC, the business is dissolved and the members must fulfill all remaining legal and business obligations to close the business 3. Self-Employment Taxes. Members of an LLC are considered self-employed and must pay the self-employment tax contributions towards Medicare and Social Security. The entire net income of the LLC is subject to this tax. Summary A limited liability company is a hybrid type of legal structure that provides the limited liability features of a corporation and the tax efficiencies and operational flexibility of a partnership. The owners of an LLC are referred to as members. Depending on the state, the members can consist of a single individual (one owner), two or more individuals, corporations, or other LLCs. Unlike shareholders in a corporation, LLCs are not taxed as a separate business entity. Instead, all profits and losses are passed through the business to each member of the LLC. LLC members report profits and losses on their personal federal tax returns, just as the owners of a partnership would. S Corporation Advantages 1. Limitation on Shareholders’ liability of shareholders 2. Pass through of losses to shareholders 3. Continuity; death of a shareholder does not require dissolution of the corporate organization Disadvantages 1. Unintended termination of Subchapter S status for violation of Subchapter S eligibility requirements 2. Restricted transferability of shares to preclude sales to a non-qualifying shareholder 3. 25% limitation on â€Å"passive investment income† for three consecutive years Summary S corporation was promulgated to enable small business to incorporate and avoid the double taxation normally imposed on corporate income as seen in a C corporation. In many ways, the Subchapter S Corporation is treated as an incorporated partnership for income tax purposes only. This treatment allows profits and losses to â€Å"pass through† directly to shareholders. At the same time, shareholders are shielded from individual liability. While, there are no limits on the size of the corporation’s assets or income under Subchapter S, a business must comply with some detailed statutory and regulatory requirements. The main advantages and disadvantages of Subchapter S status are summarized. Franchise Advantages 1. Avoids employee related problems 2. Franchisee operators are motivated to succeed 3. Franchising provides expansion capital Disadvantages 1. Loss of absolute control 2. State and federal franchise disclosure laws 3. Sharing profits Summary A franchise is a business model that involves one business owner licensing trademarks and methods to an independent entrepreneur. Sometimes, franchises are referred to as chains. I think that a soul food cafe would be a good franchise to go into Franchisor and franchisee have an ongoing relationship, and the franchisor often provides a full range of services, including site selection, training, product supply, marketing plans and even assistance in obtaining financing Before you decide to franchise, you need to do your research. You could lose a significant amount of money if you do not investigate a business carefully before you buy. By law, franchise sellers must disclose certain information about their business to potential buyers. Make sure you get all the information you need first before entering into this form of business. Corporation Advantages 1. prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporations capital stock. 2. A corporation can also take special deductions 3. A corporation conducts business, realizes net income or loss, pays taxes and distributes profits to shareholders. Disadvantages 1. double tax 2. The corporation does not get a tax deduction when it distributes dividends to shareholders 3. Shareholders cannot deduct any loss of the corporation. Summary In forming a corporation, prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the corporations capital stock. A corporation generally takes the same deductions as a sole proprietorship to figure its taxable income. A corporation can also take special deductions. For federal income tax purposes, a C corporation is recognized as a separate taxpaying entity. A corporation conducts business, realizes net income or loss, pays taxes, and distributes profits to shareholders.

T he six principles that make people say YES or ho Essays

T he six principles that make people say YES or how to get YES. Psychology in negotiations. In fact, people are hostages of their habits and stereotypes. The Psychology of Persuasion, Robert B. Cialdini, a respected social scientist and specialist in the area of compliance psychology, says that " automatic, stereotyped behavior is prevalent in much of human action " I fully agree with this quotation. I want to move away from the topic for a second and to tell about myself. Actually, I'm a big fan of psychology, I started learn some psychology books in fourteen years old. I read authors like Eric Bern, Sigmund Freud, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche ( yes, I know that here also philosophy authors, but I think that philosophy and psychology its like wife and husband) and Russian , Ukrainian psychologists. Why I love psychology ? because it help me to better understand people , before they try to do something bad to me (for example),not only for bad thigs in my life I learnt psychology, It help me better to communicate with people and gain trust from them. Psychology has a lot of applications in every-day life. But usually it help to survive in this scary world to people like me, it help to earn money from business or work for eating something every day, it helps in talking to people in difficult situations, when you need to solve a problem for example, to live normally or when you alone in another county and you need to find someone whom you can trust, because in our world today so many bad people who will try to play on your feelings or will try to use you anyway they can and a lot of people going in hands of such bad people and their offer of " help ". But with knowing of people behavior , you can "read" them, it's not so difficult, but practice needed. I'm sorry for so long "moving away". So let's go back to our topic Negotiations and how to get Yes. Negotiation it's a difficult process, you will never know what can happen or what will be in the end. Negotiations can be different , in process people can become angry, become greedy or full of stress. Of course all can be vice versa, as I said you never know what can be with people and in the end of the process. But you can control all the aspects of the process, How ? you can ask me, and now I'll tell you the six principles or "triggers" how to get yes in negotiations. But first I want to talk about "triggers" for people, because, I guess, that everyone has his own "triggers". As I said everyone have "triggers" or easier saying things or words or actions which make people to do one or another action or decision. For example, if ask people to help you to do something ( let's take a supermarket ) People waiting in a queue to do their purchases and you come in this queue with only one banana for example, and if you ask people in a queue - " Can I go first , I have one banana ?" Only 60% will answer you " Yes of course". But , if in the next time in the similar queue in supermarket and you again with banana ( we can image that you like bananas very much) and you will ask them - " Can I go first , I have only one banana , I need so much , because I am late into university" Almost 90% will answer you "Yes". Why? Because it's human nature, it's a well-known that people need a reason to do any action or justify their decisions. But other information is necessary for people their "trigger" is BECAUSE and when people hear their "trigger" it so strong to decide people say YES. I shew an experiment which had been done by Harvard social psychologist Ellen Langer. When I was looking for an addition al information for my essay , I absolutely accidentally found this experiment and rewrite it to easier understanding form just for additional example. So, now

The Lost World Essay Example

The Lost World Essay Example The Lost World Essay The Lost World Essay This hierarchy makes the English very proud of were they stand in the world and makes them more big headed and this is a little trick I think Doyle used to make the reader at those times more interested and to make them carry on with the reading. The Doda are described as a dense mob and are fascinated and bewildered, shaggy red haired creatures. Doyle makes a contrast on page 179 by describing the Doda and the Accola; this compares them to make us have a clear picture of them. Ned describes the Accola as little, clean limbed, red fellows this makes page 179 very interesting because you see how Doyle makes the reader take the Accolas side instead of the Dodas. In page 190 you see how the British like to hunt and dont really care if they exterminate a whole species, we now this because Roxton says By George! I wish I had 50 men with rifles. Id clear out the whole infernal gang of them and leave this country a bit cleaner than we found it . We dont see this kind of behaviour in the BBC movie The Lost World. They had to make it more modern and so they cut out all the racism from the book and altered quite a few bits so that no one would get offended watching it. For example in the book we see how Edwardians treat women, they werent important in those days and they saw them as nagging housewifes. We now this because of the way challenger treats his wife near the start of the book. Mrs Challenger is angry for the way the professor treated Ned, Challenger has enough and tells her shes gone too far and light-heartedly punishes her by putting her on top of a column in the hallway! This would not happen now purely because the wife would just leave you or slap you. Also we see how the Edwardians have their views on gender because they dont have a woman in the expedition, they mention one at the start, Gladys, Neds girlfriend and Mrs Challenger, thats it throughout the whole book we dont hear from any other women. BBC had to change it or else the female viewers would most likely get bored so they have a woman to go with them and she makes the story more exiting. The biggest difference we see between Doyles book and the BBCs Lost World is the end. In the book we have Ned planning to go again with Roxton this shows the eagerness of conquering for the British. In the book the characters pretend to have faked the whole thing to protect the environment and the species that lived there. This also shows how we think differently to the Edwardians towards nature. The last difference in the book and the film is that we have a priest in the film; he represents all the people against Darwin because he chops down the tree to have the explorers stranded in the plateau instead of Gomez. The book The Lost World is so interesting because of all those points I have written in my essay, but there is also little things, like each chapter leaves you on a cliff hanger making you want to read on but there is also loads of suspense and many questions going through your mind when you are reading the book like will they get off the plateau? How will they get off? What will happen to the Indians? This is why Doyle had so much success with this book.

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Assignment

Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance - Assignment Example The essay "Scene of Lamentation for Jesus Christ in Northern and Southern Renaissance" concerns Lamentation's Scene for Jesus in the context of Renaissance. Several particular features give hint on the fact that this picture can be attributed to Northern Renaissance. The material and the type of canvas are among the most obvious. Oil on panel was commonly used by Northern artists as it permitted to preserve brightness of colors for a long time. The painting is very detailed and vivid with elaborated landscape. Apparently, the author underlines human`s side of Jesus Christ showing his tortured body and concentrating on the minor details of it. Ribs that got visible through skin because of starving, injuries that bleed, closed eyes of a dead man- there is no presence of God on this picture as the author tells us that Christ was suffering as much as we did. Despair, sympathy and sorrow can be read on the faces of Christ`s followers who came to him. Nothing on the picture suggests that C hrist will resurrect as he is portrayed as an ordinary human being who was suffering enormously. Massys does not concentrate nature in his painting, for him it is still the man and his suffering which matters the most but still the city o the background and the crosses thought-out ad realistic. Northern and Southern painting styles were different due to numerous reasons: they appeared in different geographical regions and were formed under the influence of different sources. Northern style was originated on the territory.

How effective is trade in promoting development you may wish to refer Essay

How effective is trade in promoting development you may wish to refer to the experience of ONE or TWO countries in your answer - Essay Example Every region has different specialty and comparative advantages in production of some tradable commodity, which also results in mass production. So trade at the market price gives benefits to both locations. The country export surplus goods and import sparse goods. The basic instances of money were object with intrinsic value known as commodity money. Currency is a standardized form of money which facilitates wider exchange of good and services. While international trade is the same exchange of goods and services across borders. It represents a significant part ofannual GDP in most countries. While international trade has been present throughout much of history and its always considered important for the development of the country in its economic, social, and political way because of industrialization, advanced transportation, globalisation,multinational corporations, andoutsourcing. (Stiglitz, 90) In fact, it is probably the increasing pervasiveness of international trade that is usually meant by the term "globalization". International trade is very essential for the development of the country. There are only few ways from which the Gross income of the country can be increased. The flow of different currencies is as important as producing anything. Trade is a key factor in economic development. Successful use of trade keys can boost a country's development. Trade markets have boomed up due to major contribution which has made the competition of "Survival of the Fittest & Fastest" in today's scenario (Evers and Schrader 76). There are many countries which are known because of their products and services trading. But every individual living in this world knows that China has been the vanquisher of the world's markets for many years. China is a global source for the commodities nowadays and is focusing to improve their international trade. There is tough competition in the market but still China is standing its ground and striving. It has proved that technology is ruling the world and industries are producing electronic goods on its peak. China had conquered the market of many types including electronic toys, utensils, plastics products and many more, all over the globe. In-spite of China staying into the international trade for quite a long time now, it has stood the examination of time and has survived in-spite of neck-to-neck competition in the market. TheFinancial Timesnoted that "China has been the world's largest economy for 18 of the past 20 centuries"1, While according toThe Economist, "China was not only the largest economy for much of recorded history, but until the 15th century, it also had the highest income per capita - and was the world's technological leader."2 As recently as 1820, China accounted for 33% of the world's GDP. Barely a hundred years later. By the early part of twentieth century, China accounted for only 9% of world's GDP. The primary explanation for the relative eclipse of China lies in the fact that the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century, which made Europe and then America rich, almost completely bypassed China3. Foreign tradewas small by international standards but was growing rapidly in size and importance, as it represented 20 percent ofGNPin 1985. Trade was controlled by

Wireless Led Dot Matrix Notice Board Essay Example for Free

Wireless Led Dot Matrix Notice Board Essay POWER SUPPLY Power supply section power the whole circuitry. Different section of this system requires different voltage levels. This requirement cannot be achieved using a single power adapter or battery. So a power supply consist of dc-dc converter is used in our project. The DC-DC converted dc power supply can provide 12v dc, 9v dc and 5 v dc simultaneously for display, discrete IC and micro controller respectively. The power supply section is also included with short circuit protection to prevent system being damaged due to the careless usage or electrical malfunctions. CONTROLLER The controller used here is PIC 16f877a, which is an 8 bit micro controller used for general purpose medium scale applications. In our project this device retrieves signals from the RF receiver as serial data through its URAT port on a baud rate of 2400 bps and stores in its internal data memory. From there it sends the data one by one to display section to display it. The scrolling algorithm is also done through the program written in the controller. This controller also communicate with the RFID reader to fetch the ID of RFID card brought to its proximity and then retrieves the corresponding registry entry to display it in the display board. The scrolling message mode and personal message mode is switched with help of two way switch attached in the display board end. When the switch is in its normal position the message from the PC is displayed and when the switch is in other position the board will display the personal information of the  student whose card is in the proximity o f the RFID reader. DISPLAY The display used here are dot matrix LED. The whole panel consist of 32 displays each one of 57 dot matrix LED. Each character in this display is formed using four such display units. That means the whole display can show a total of 8 characters at a time. The display is drived and controlled using a ring counter IC 4017. By this IC we select each display independently and their column. It uses persistence of vision to let you drive the 32 led matrixes with only 10 microcontroller outputs! Normally you would need 32outputs for 32 LEDs but by using multiplexing and a helper chip you can get away with 10. LED Display multiplexing simply means turning on one led for a short period of time and doing this repeatedly for each LED. If you do this fast enough then your eye will not notice any flicker.The LEDs are no different to any other LEDs but it saves a huge amount of soldering as all the wiring has been done for you..Or you could wire it up yourself if you cant get hold of the module. Still only need 10 control wires (just wire you leds the same as shown in the module diagram). Your eye reacts slowly to changes in light intensity so that if a light is turned on and off quickly enough then it does not notice that the light is off. Basically your eye remembers a light pulse for a short time. The approximate time is 20ms so if the light is turned on at a frequency 50Hz ( 1/20ms) then your eye will not notice any flicker at all. Multiplexing uses this fact to reduce the number of pins needed to drive an LED display. You can do this by splitting the 32led displays into 7 rows and 5columns which lets you drive it using 7 row outputs and 5 column outputs. In fact the 57 led matrix block used here has all the leds arranged in this way already. Each row is driven in turn and as long as all of the rows are driven within a time period of 20ms it will appear as though the LEDs are on continuously. To turn a specific led ON, data is output to the column drivers when a row is driven. To save more pins it is common to use a helper chip and in this project it is a Johnson counter (a 4017). This generates a walking one every time that its clocked.  Since you only want one row on at a time it is the ideal chip for this application. In this project when the 4017 has been reset it outputs logic high at Q0 which is not connected so during reset the 4017 does nothing. This allows you to use the column driver port for something else if you want to when you are not driving the LEDs.To drive the 4017 all you need is two pins one for reset and one for clock. So to fully drive the 32 matrix led display you need only 4 4017. The most difficult thing about using the dot matrix LED display is defining the characters. Basically for ASCII characters you need an array of 128 blocks each having 8 column data numbers. The usual way is to get out a piece of graph paper and define your characters by drawing blocks where a pixel is on. You then translate each line into hex (binary to hex is very easy) and then transfer this information to your program source code. RFID READER RFID is used here to implement the personal information display. RFID technique helps the system for identifying each student with the help of a unique ID given to each student. This reader is capable of powering and reading data from an RFID card which is brought ot its proximity. It has a transmission section through which it sends the received data to controller. The range of this RFID is approximately about 10 cm so that it can avoid unwanted detection of RF signals. In our system RFID system consists of a reader and one or more tags. The readers antenna is used to transmit radio frequency (RF) energy. Depending on the tag type, the energy is harvested by the tags antenna and used to power up the internal circuitry of the tag. The tag will then modulate the electromagnetic waves generated by the reader in order to transmit its data back to the reader. The reader receives the modulated waves and converts them into digital data. In the case of the Parallax RFID Reader Module, correctly received digital data is sent serially through the SOUT pin. There are two major types of tag technologies. Passive tags are tags that do not contain their own power source or transmitter. When radio waves from the reader reach the chip’s antenna, the energy is converted by the antenna into electricity that can power up the microchip in the tag (known as parasitic power). The tag is then able to send back any information stored on the tag  by reflecting the electromagnetic waves as described above. Active tags have their own power source and transmitter. The power source, usually a battery, is used to run the microchips circuitry and to broadcast a signal to a reader. Due to the fact that passive tags do not have their own transmitter and must reflect their signal to the reader, the reading distance is much shorter than with active tags. However, active tags are typically larger, more expensive, and require occasional service. The RFID Reader Module is designed specifically for low-frequency (125 kHz) passive tags. Frequency refers to the size of the radio waves used to communicate between the RFID system components. Just as you tune your radio to different frequencies in order to hear different radio stations, RFID tags and readers have to be tuned to the same frequency in order to communicate effectively. RFID systems typically use one of the following frequency ranges: low frequency (or LF, around 125 kHz), high frequency (or HF, around 13.56 MHz), ultra-high frequency (or UHF, around 868 and 928 MHz), or microwave (around 2.45 and 5.8 GHz). Here we are using an RFID Reader Module with a single TTL-level. The current consumption of the module will increase dramatically when the module is active. A visual indication of the state of the RFID Reader Module is given with the on-board LED. When the module is successfully powered-up and is in an idle state, the LED will be GREEN. When the module is in an active state and the antenna is transmitting, the LED will be RED. The face of the RFID tag should be held parallel to the front or back face of the antenna (where the majority of RF energy is focused). If the tag is held sideways (perpendicular to the antenna) youll either get no reading or a poor reading. Only one transponder tag should be held up to the antenna at any time. The use of multiple tags at one time will cause tag collisions and confuse the reader. The two tags available in the Parallax store have a read distance of approximately 3 inches. Actual distance may vary slightly depending on the size of the transponder tag and environmental conditions of the application. When a valid RFID transponder tag is placed within range of the activated reader, the unique ID will be transmitted as a 12-byte ASCII string via the TTL-level SOUT (Serial Output) pin in the  following format: RF RECEIVER The RF receiver is used to receive RF wireless signals which are transmitted fro the pc section and feed it to the controller. This receiver works in the principle of ASK modulation, an analogue modulation technique to implement digital transmission. This receiver has an active antenna. It works with power of 5V and sink a current of 0.1 mA. The maximum baud rate allowable with this receiver is 2400 bps. For efficient operation we uses 1200 bps. The range of this receiver is with in 100 mtrs. But it can be extended to kms be increasing the power of transmitter . PC SECTION PC section contains application software which is used to interface with the computer. This application has a text box where we can enter the message to be displayed in the notice board. On hitting the send button the data in the text box is transmitted to the display board wirelessly. RS 232 – TTL CONVERTER The signal obtained from th PC is of RS 232 standard. Which means the signal from the PC will be in the range of +12 to -12V level. For the transmitter and the controller to understand the signal it should be in the range of 0 +5 V. so the signal should be level converted before transmission. For this level conversion we use MAX 232 IC. This IC is dedicated for RS 232 to TTL level conversion. With the help of some discrete components this IC can convers the level to ttl logic. RF TRANSMITTER RF transmitter transmits the digital signal generated by the level converter through space as electromagnetic waves. The transmitter uses ASK modulation technique. The range varies up to 100mtrs. The power varies from 5V to 12v. The more the power supply voltage the more will be its quality and range.

asian am health :: essays research papers

I’ve commonly encountered my whole life how spiritual the â€Å"Asian culture† can actually be. Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism underlie the value system in asian culture. As for my generation, Asian Americans have been influenced by western beliefs to express your opinion and to work towards fighting for your right, extreme liberalism. That culture alone varies when it comes to value systems. Their experiences in America determine what someone values, and how their origin of race promotes that. Because they usually are raised by parents who will demand nothing less than utmost respect, they are brought to initially adhere obediently to authority. My mother made that part clear to me at a very young age. My mom always emphasized the importance of obtaining good morals – 90% because it was a Christian belief, but the rest of the 10% she really did want me to seek for myself why I should be the way I am. Model minority myth is founded on the fact t hat Asians are self persevering, self disciplining, educates and excels in every situation because of their hard work. This is something I do agree with and is the most accurate part of asian characteristics. But it’s because from a ancestor historical stance, they’ve had hard times and it is self perseverance that gets your through it. They pass on the importance of keeping your head up high and maintaining pride; as the opposing shame and guilt lingers along when the contrary occurs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We’ve all, one time or another felt like we were being stereotyped – usually about our ethnicity or culture. Minority groups in my opinion experience racism, usually because the person feels threatened or insecure, and by ordering or bringing them down puts them on a superior pedestal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’ve never really fully experience the concept of â€Å"ethnic identity† and how it’s one’s sense of belonging. Growing up bilingual, I picked up Korean culture, however I never considered it my sense of belonging. I wasn’t really embraced by the Korean community, and felt that I will never fit into these little fine categories.

Learning Style Preferences by Iranian students

IntroductionLearning manners influence acquisition and that larning result is higher for pupils who are able to utilize multiple acquisition manners ( Felder, 1995 ; Reid, 1987, Reid, 1998 ; Claxton and Murell, 1985 ; Mulalic, Mohd Shah and Ahmad, 2009 ) . Learning manners and penchants vary for each of us and in different state of affairss. Some scholars, for case, prefer to larn by reading text editions, while others prefer a verbal account ( Riazi and Riasati, 2007 ) . In add-on, people may differ in how they most efficaciously show their apprehension ; either orally or in authorship and through graphs or figures. In other words, scholars learn and show their apprehensions in assorted ways in different state of affairss. Learning manners refer to the cognitive, emotional, and psychological behavior which serve as comparatively fixed and unchangeable indexs of how scholars understand, interact with and answer to the acquisition environment ( Keefe, 1982 ) . Oxford ( 2003 ) asserted that acquisition manners are the general attacks that scholars utilize in geting a new linguistic communication or in larning any other topics. These manners are the overall forms that give larning behaviour a general way ( Cornett, 1983 ) . By understanding one ‘s learning manner ( s ) , one will be able to develop the accomplishments that help one learns in a assortment of ways to accomplish full potency. This apprehension is besides helpful for instructors and pedagogues because it enables instructors and pedagogues to fit their instruction manners, methodological analysiss, and class organisation with scholars ‘ acquisition manners to assist scholars better their acquisition ( Willing, 1988 ) . Surveies have shown that personality, life experiences, intent for larning and instructors ‘ outlooks affect scholars ‘ acquisition manners with the later being the most dominant influence ( Briggs-Myers, 1986 ; Kolb, 1984 ; Felder, 1996 ; Ballard and Clanchy 1997 ) . In Iran, nevertheless, scholars ‘ acquisition manners have been ignored and have been taken into history as an undistinguished constituent in the learning procedure among Persian EFL scholars in general and first-year university pupils in peculiar. Very small survey has been conducted to place Persian scholars ‘ acquisition manners that non merely would assist scholars ‘ acquisition but besides help better instructors ‘ instruction. Matching these two facets would take to greater success. Nevertheless, Riazi and Riasati ( 2007 ) conducted a survey on 219 Persian scholars of English in Shiraz to place their acquisition manners. The survey employed Brindley ‘s ( 1984 ) linguistic communication larning penchant questionnaire. The participants were from different degrees of direction and different ages. The findings show that the pupils favoured the communicative attack carried out in brace or group work and felt that it helped better their English linguisti c communication accomplishments. They besides preferred taking portion in schoolroom treatment and interaction in larning English. Although this survey found that scholars preferred a communicative attack, scholars at higher establishments in Iran ; peculiarly freshers, are still observed to be inactive scholars of English. Possibly they are incognizant of their acquisition manners and possibly the instruction manners at higher establishments do non fit scholars ‘ acquisition manners. Therefore, the survey presented in this paper was an effort to find Persian EFL fresher university pupils ‘ acquisition manner ( s ) to assist them understand how they learn and therefore increase their potencies. This survey besides aimed to detect whether there was a difference between male and female fresher university pupils ‘ acquisition manner ( s ) . However, this present survey employed the four types of larning manner penchants developed by Willing ( 1988 ) to look into Persian EFL fresher university pupils ‘ types of larning manner ( s ) .Learning Styles and Types of LearnersMost research surveies on larning manner penchants trace back to the past 30 old ages. Dunn ( 1993 ) asserted that lectors can non place pupil ‘s acquisition manners without using a multidimensional instrument. Without rating, even experienced teachers may misinterpret scholars ‘ behaviors such as hyperactivity or heedlessness ( Mulalic, Mohd Shah and Ahmad, 2009 ) . Reid ( 1987 ) investigated 1300 ESL pupils from three different civilizations ; viz. the Japanese, Malay, and Korean. The survey found that a big figure of these pupils strongly preferred tactile and kinesthetic acquisition manners. The survey besides found that the built-in differences in cultural or linguistic communication backgrounds and subjects ( technology and computing machine scientific discipline ) frequently play an of import function in placing types of cognitive manners. Meanwhile, Willing ( 1988 ) investigated a group of five 100s and 17 scholars from more than 30 cultural groups to analyze whether there is a relationship between larning manner penchants and biographical variables. However, merely five cultural groups were big plenty for statistical analysis ( Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic, South Americans, and Polish/Czech talkers ) . The learning manner questionnaire included 30 acquisition manner points, 15 larning scheme points, and a several points on single biographical facets. The consequences indicated that there were cultural differences with respect to the scholars ‘ larning manner penchants. For case, although the agencies of the point ‘I like to analyze grammar ‘ was lower than expected, all scholars from the different civilizations responded that they liked analyzing grammar. The Arabic scholars preferred grammar where 65 % of them ranked this point as the â€Å" best † ( Willing 1988 ) . Meanwhile, the findings i ndicated that authority-oriented and analytical acquisition manners were extremely valued by the Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic, South American, and Polish pupils. The largely preferable points were ‘practicing sounds and pronunciation in English ‘ and ‘everything explained by their instructor ‘ , and the least preferable ways of larning were ‘playing games ‘ and ‘watching movies ‘ ( Willing 1988, p. 130 ) . Willing ( 1988 ) further identified four types of scholars: concrete, analytical, communicative, and authority-oriented scholars. Nunan ( 1999 ) briefly summarized the definition of these four types of scholars: 1 ) Concrete scholars are those who employ really direct agencies of taking in and treating information ; 2 ) Analytic scholars are those whose cognitive strengths lead them non merely to analyse carefully and show great involvement in constructions but to set a great trade of value on uncovering their independency by executin g these things themselves, autonomously. In other words, they prefer to analyze grammar ( from particular to general ) , analyzing English books and reading newspapers, analyzing separately, happening their ain errors, and working on undertaking jobs assigned by their instructors ; 3 ) Authority-oriented scholars are those who are likely non predisposed to actively form information ; they would wish their instructor to explicate everything to them, tend to hold their ain text editions, to compose everything in a notebook, to analyze grammatical regulations, learn by reading, and larn new words by looking at them ; and 4 ) Communicative scholars are those who have a desire for a communicative and societal acquisition attack, likely because they feel that this would be most helpful to their demands in relation to linguistic communication acquisition. In other words, they like to larn by watching, listening to native talkers, speaking to friends in English and watching telecasting in E nglish, utilizing English out of category, larning new words by hearing them, and acquisition by conversations ( Willing, 1988 ; Nunan, 1999, p. 57 ) .The SurveyParticipantsA group of 92 ( 37 males and 55 females ) Persian EFL fresher university pupils majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language ( TEFL ) class at the Faculty of Foreign Languages in a university in South of Esfahan were indiscriminately selected from nine categories to take portion in this survey. As freshers, their mean age was 18 old ages old. They learn English linguistic communication for academic intents. Freshman university pupils were selected as participants of this survey because they were at the get downing degree of third instruction. Knowledge of their acquisition manner ( s ) would be utile in placing and geting larning accomplishments which would heighten their acquisition. Therefore, increase their public presentation in larning English.InstrumentThe instrument utilized in this survey was the Le arning Style Preferences Questionnaire adapted from Willing ( 1988 ) . The four-point Likert graduated table questionnaire consisted of 45 points on â€Å" How make you larn best † ; ranged from 1: Strongly Disagree to 4: Strongly Agree. It was piloted prior to the existent informations aggregation and the dependability Cronbach ‘s Alpha was 0.844. The questionnaire consisted of four classs ( Communicative, Concrete, Authority-Oriented, and Analytical scholars ) . A list of 20 four points out of 40 five points related to these four types were chosen and modified based on the Persian EFL fresher university pupils ‘ acquisition. Items one to six represented scholars who liked to larn through observation and or listening to native talkers, speaking to friends in English and watching telecasting in English, and learn through conversations ( Communicative Learners ) . Items seven to twelve represented scholars who liked to larn through games, movies, cassettes, speakin g in braces, and utilizing English outside of the schoolroom ( Concrete Learners ) . Items 13 to eighteen represented scholars who preferred their instructors to explicate everything to them, have their ain text editions, survey grammar, learn by reading, and larn new words by seeing the words ( Authority-Oriented Learners ) . Items 19 to twenty four represented scholars who liked analyzing the regulations of grammar, analyzing English books, reading newspapers, analyzing by themselves, happening their ain errors, and working on jobs set by the instructor ( Analytic Learners ) .Findingss and DiscussionsDescriptive analysis of the Learning Style Preferences ( 37 Males, 55 Females )In order to detect the types of larning manner penchants of the pupils, the descriptive statistics ( agencies and standard divergences ) of the four types of larning manner penchants ( communicative, concrete, authority-oriented, and analytical ) were computed ( see Table 1 ) . The one which indicated the h ighest average value was considered to be the pupils ‘ preferred acquisition manner. Table 1 shows the mean and standard divergences of the four distinguishable classs. Responses to the statements of type one ( communicative ) had the highest average value of 3.24 and a standard divergence of 0.35, while the responses to analytical type of larning manners had the lowest average mark of 3.02 and a standard divergence of 0.38 for both males and females. It is implied that the bulk of Persian EFL fresher university pupils in this sample considered themselves communicative types of acquisition manners. This is consistent with the consequences of Ho ‘s ( Undated ) survey on two groups of university twelvemonth one and four groups of twelvemonth two Computer Studies pupils across five academic old ages. The survey indicated that most pupils were communicative scholars ; contradictory to the consequences of Liu ‘s ( 2008 ) survey on pupils in Taipei. Liu reported that responses to the statements of authority-oriented type of larning manners were the highest with the average mark of 11.52 and a standard divergence of 3.13 and communicative type of larning manners had the lowest mean mark ( M=8.87 and a standard divergence of 3.55 ) . Table 1 Mean and Standard Deviation of Learning Styles ( by Category ) Learning Manners Mean South dakota Nitrogen Communicative 3.24 0.358 92 Concrete 3.07 0.381 92 Authority-Oriented 3.10 0.353 92 Analytic 3.02 0.381 92 N= Number of respondents ; SD= Std. Deviation In add-on to the mean scores for the four types of larning manners in general, Table 2, 3, 4, and 5 show the mean and standard divergences of the pupils ‘ usage of larning manners by class and points: communicative, concrete, authority-oriented, and analytical acquisition manners. Table 2 Mean and Standard Deviations of the Students ‘ Communicative Learning Style ItemsLearning MannersMeanSouth dakota1Communicative Learning StyleI like to larn by watching, listening to native talkers of English.3.243.320.350.755 2 I like to larn by speaking to friends in English. 3.24 0.732 3 If I have pick, I would wish to larn English by watching Television in English outside of the schoolroom. 3.17 0.735 4 I like to larn by talking in English with aliens when there is a opportunity. 3.27 0.757 5 I like to larn English words by hearing the words. 3.25 0.673 6 In English category, I like to larn through the usage of conversations. 3.22 0.739 Table 2 demonstrates that the overall average value of communicative acquisition manner was 3.24 with a standard divergence of 0.35. The highest average value of 3.32 with a standard divergence 0.75 was noted for the point â€Å" I like to larn by watching, listening to native talkers of English. † Meanwhile, the point â€Å" If I have pick, I would wish to larn English by watching Television in English outside of the schoolroom. † scored the lowest mean mean with the value of 3.17 and a standard divergence of 0.73. It is inferred that the Persian EFL fresher university pupils have strong desire to larn by watching and listening to native talkers of English in schoolrooms. In other words, they tend to watch pictures and listen to tapes in schoolrooms. They like to pass on with one another. This is in understanding with the consequences of Riazi and Riasati ‘s ( 2007 ) survey. Table 3 Mean and Standard Deviations of the Students ‘ Concrete Learning Style ItemsLearning MannersMeanSouth dakota7Concrete Learning StyleIn English category, I like to larn through game.3.073.270.370.757 8 In English category, I like to larn by utilizing images, movies, and pictures. 3.29 0.749 9 I like to analyze English by speaking with another schoolmate 3.23 0.743 10 I like to larn by utilizing cassettes at place. 2.65 0.733 11 In English category, I like to listen to and utilize cassettes. 2.80 0.829 12 Outside of the schoolroom, I like to utilize English. 3.17 0.735 With respect to concrete acquisition manners, Table 3 demonstrates the overall average value of 3.07 and a standard divergence of 0.37. The consequences related to concrete larning manner dimension indicate that the point â€Å" In English category, I like to larn by utilizing images, movies, and pictures. † scored the highest mean mean with the average value of 3.29 and a standard divergence of 0.74 ; while the lowest average value of 2.65 with standard divergence of 0.73 was noted for the point â€Å" I like to larn by utilizing cassettes at place † . It is concluded that these scholars like to larn by illustrations in schoolrooms. The common feature of concrete scholars harmonizing to willing ( 1988 ) is the development of insufficiency or an lower status composite. They disfavour larning monotonously and written work. They like assortment. They prefer verbal and ocular experiences. They have strong desire to be entertained by utilizing games, and be given to be invo lved in larning physically. Table 4 Mean and Standard Deviations of the Students ‘ Authority-Oriented Learning Style ItemsLearning MannersMeanSouth dakota13Authority-Oriented Learning StyleI like the instructor to explicate everything to me.3.103.320.350.755 14 I want to compose everything in my notebook. 2.91 0.751 15 I like to hold my ain text edition. 3.27 0.757 16 In English category, I like to larn by reading. 3.17 0.720 17 I like to analyze grammar from specific to general. 3.23 0.728 18 I like to larn English words by seeing them. 2.70 0.795 Sing the 3rd type of larning manners ( authority-oriented ) , Table 4 indicates that the overall mean value was 3.10 and a standard divergence of 0.35. Therefore, the point â€Å" I like the instructor to explicate everything to me † scored the highest average value of 3.32 and a standard divergence of 0.75. While the lowest average value of 2.70 and a standard divergence of 0.79 were noted for the point â€Å" I like to larn English words by seeing them † . It is inferred that authority-oriented scholars tend to be taught clearly. They have desire to larn from their instructors. They look for constructions and measure by measure patterned advance. In general, they consider their instructors as authorization in the category. Harmonizing to Willing ( 1988 ) they like to follow some forms. Table 5 Mean and Standard Deviations of the Students ‘ Analytical Learning Style ItemsLearning MannersMeanSouth dakota19Analytic Learning StyleI like to analyze grammar from general to specific.3.022.680.380.838 20 At place, I like to larn by analyzing English books. 3.24 0.732 21 I like to analyze English by myself. 3.32 0.755 22 I like the instructor to allow me happen my errors. 3.25 0.750 23 I like the instructor to give me exercises to work on. 3.15 0.725 24 At place, I like to larn by reading English newspaper. 2.49 0.791 Finally, for analytical acquisition manners Table 5 reveals that the overall mean value was 3.02 with a standard divergence of 0.38. Based on the consequences, the point â€Å" I like to analyze English by myself † scored as highest average value of 3.32 and a standard divergence of 0.75 whereas the lowest average value of 2.49 with a standard divergence of 0.79 was noted for the point â€Å" At place, I like to larn by reading English newspaper † . This means that analytical types of scholars are independent and tend to happen solutions for their jobs while larning. Analytic scholars ‘ cognitive strengths steer them non merely to analyse carefully and uncover great involvement in constructions, but besides to set a big sum of value on demoing their independency by making these things themselves, autonomously ( Willing, 1988 ) . In general, it can be inferred from the findings aforementioned types of acquisition manners that the mass media such as telecasting, pic ture, tape recording equipments are the most powerful devices for larning foreign linguistic communications in Iran since English is learned and spoken merely in academic categories and for academic intents. Harmonizing to Celec-Murcia ( 2001 ) , such media motivate scholars by conveying the existent life state of affairs into the schoolroom and showing linguistic communication in its more complete communicative context.Descriptive Analysis of the Learning Style Preferences by GenderIn order to detect whether there was a difference between males and females in using learning manner penchants, the Independent-sample T-test was conducted. Table 6 demonstrates that there was no statistically important difference in the mean tonss for male and female pupils in communicative ( M= 3.27, SD= 0.35 ; M=3.22, SD=0.36, T ( 90 ) =0.66, p= 0.51 ) ; concrete ( M=3.10, SD=0.36 ; M=3.05, SD=0.39, T ( 90 ) =0.67, p=0.49 ) , authority-oriented ( M=3.09, SD=0.37 ; M=3.11, SD=0.34, T ( 90 ) = -0.21, p= 0.83 ) , and analytical acquisition manners ( M=3.09, SD=0.38, M=2.98, SD=0.37, T ( 90 ) =1.32, p=0.18 ) . In other words, males and females apply larning manners in a similar manner. This is in understanding with the consequences of Yik, Hidayu, Bariyyah and Asyimah ‘s ( Undated ) survey ( hypertext transfer protocol: //apps.emoe.gov.my/ipba/rdipba/cd1/article152.pdf accessed 26 March 2010 ) . Table 6 T-test for gender differences in larning manner PreferencesLiterGramNitrogenMeanSouth dakotaTPCom Meter F 37 55 3.27 3.22 0.35 0.36 0.66 0.51 Con Meter F 37 55 3.10 3.05 0.36 0.39 0.67 0.49 A-O Meter F 37 55 3.09 3.11 0.37 0.34 -0.21 0.83 Anal Meter F 37 55 3.09 2.98 0.38 0.37 1.32 0.18 Note: N=Number of Subjects ; LS=Learning Styles ; G=Gender ; M=Male ; F=Female ; Com=Communicative ; Con=Concrete ; A-O=Authority-Oriented ; Anal=Analytical In other words, all of the values of significance values were above the value of significance value of P & lt ; 0.05. Harmonizing to Cohen ( 1988 ) , the magnitudes of the differences in the agencies were somewhat little. Cohen believes that 0.01 indicates little consequence, 0.06 shows moderate consequence, and 0.14 shows big consequence. Therefore the Basque Homeland and Freedom square for these four types of acquisition manners are as follows: communicative ( eta square= 0.004 ) , concrete ( eta square= 0.005 ) , authority-oriented ( eta squared=0.000 ) , and analytical acquisition manner ( eta square= 0.018 ) which are really little.DeductionsSing the consequences of this survey, some deductions are discussed with the position of text book designs, larning and learning English as a foreign linguistic communication in Iran. As it has been identified that many of the fresher university pupils are communicative type of scholars, there should be a moderately safe index for the genera l way to see in planing text books for Persian EFL fresher university scholars. Many research surveies such as Smith ( 1985 ) , Claxon and Murrell ( 1987 ) , Willing ( 1988 ) , and Riazi and Riasati ( 2007 ) claim that larning methods that match with learning manner penchants lead to academic accomplishments, more communicative undertakings need to be included in the class as most scholars in this sample prefer to larn in a communicative manner. Willing ( 1988 ) suggested the acquisition methods preferred by communicative scholars as: 1 ) Learning by watching and listening to native talkers of the mark linguistic communication. 2 ) Learning by talking in English with aliens when there is a opportunity. 3 ) Learning by speaking to friends in English. 4 ) Learning by conversations. 5 ) Learning by watching Television in English. 6 ) Learning English by hearing the words. Therefore, the text edition interior decorators may necessitate to take into history the aforesaid methods recommen ded by Willing ( 1988 ) while planing communicative text books for categories. They can besides see group treatments and teacher-students meetings as pupils prefer to speak with equals and instructors ( Riazi and Riasati, 2007 ) . In the visible radiation of acquisition, effectual tools to assist pupils listen to native talkers of the mark linguistic communication is to utilize movies and picture plans in categories. In this instance, pupils get familiar with the other contexts, state of affairss, and civilizations. Auxiliary stuffs such as short narratives should be utilized in categories ( Riazi and Mansoorian, 2008 ) . By and large, pupils need to be involved in synergistic accomplishments. In order to lend pupils to be cognizant of their ain acquisition manners and strengths, stock lists of larning manner and other procedures can be utilized ( Claxton and Murrell, 1987, p six ) . In add-on, lectors should assist scholars understand more about their ain penchants for larning. There are some promising schemes employed by lectors to lend their scholars to understand more about their penchants for larning and suggest ways to cover with more efficaciously in classs taught in ways inconsistent with their manners . This can besides assist scholars take increasing charge of their ain acquisition and to be more active in the procedure ( Claxton and Murrell 1987, p. four ) . In footings of instruction, by roll uping some information on scholars ‘ acquisition manners can assist lectors place scholars who learn comfortably via the types of undertakings designed for the class. For case, this survey recommends that lectors should make their best to carry first-year university scholars to work in groups and learn them how to pass on ( converse ) with one another in English. Lecturers should present types of larning manners to pupils in order to acquire familiar with their manner of larning a foreign linguistic communication in general and larning English in peculiar. In general, pupils should be encouraged to happen out their ain types of larning manner penchants in order to ease their acquisition.DecisionsThe intent of the current survey was to place Persian EFL fresher university pupils ‘ types of larning manner penchants and their deductions on the instruction and larning procedure every bit good as the designs of the text books. This survey be sides aimed to detect whether or non there was a important difference between male and female fresher university pupils using larning manner penchants. The dominant learning manner penchants of Persian EFL fresher university pupils revealed that the bulk of the Persian EFL fresher university pupils considered themselves as communicative scholars. They tend to larn English as a foreign linguistic communication by listening to native talkers of English likely because they feel that this would be most utile for their demands in relation to English linguistic communication acquisition. This can assist them in bettering their pronunciation and speech pattern. The receptive accomplishments such as speech production and hearing are appealing to the scholars of this sample. They have desire to utilize conversations in the schoolrooms and communicate in English. It is besides concluded that Persian male and female pupils have no different preferred acquisition manners as the findings of this survey demonstrated that there was no statistically important difference between them with respect to their learning manner penchants while larning English as a foreign linguistic communication. More significantly, this research survey suggests placing the scholars ‘ types of larning manners to lend their lectors to set in the proportion of undertaking types in text books to do acquisition easier for pupils.

Statement of Philosophies of Teaching and Learning Essay

Statement of Philosophies of Teaching and Learning Teaching is about preparing an individual to survive in the world around them. In an educational institution, not only are you relaying information of a certain content area to a student as a teacher, but also you are showing this individual how to learn, listen, cooperate, and be responsible. Concepts that are foreign and unknown must be made familiar, from the ancient civilizations to working in groups with people unlike you. Preparing students with this kind of knowledge allows them to successfully undertake the demands of higher education or any career. Cooperation is especially essential to our ever-changing world where national and cultural boundaries are being†¦show more content†¦Learning is an interactive process. In order to actually absorb the information in a classroom, students must be actively engaged in committing that knowledge to their memory and knowing how it connects to their own life. 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